Abstract Impacts of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) pretreatment on the physicochemical, functional and antioxidant properties of soybean protein isolate (SPI) were investigated. Changes in the secondary and tertiary structures were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectra and fluorescence spectra. The particle sizes reduced from 217.20 nm to 192.70 nm while the zeta potential increased. It’s revealed by scanning electron microscopy that the HHP treatment could result in the formation of large aggregation, leaving the SPI with irregular and uneven surface. Moreover, hollow spheres were also observed in SPI by means of dynamic and static light scattering. As a result, the foaming capacity of HHP-treated SPI and antioxidant activity of the HHP-treated SPI hydrolysates were improved significantly.

Droplet flight and solidification behaviors during twin-wire arc sprayed (TWAS) composite coatings were systematically investigated. Both theoretical model and numerical method were established for calculating the droplet deformation, breakup and solidification process in air flow based on the volume of fluid (VOF) dual-phase flow model jointed with the standard k-ε model. The experimental simulation results indicate that TWAS droplet is broken through explosion or two steps breaking process. The calculation of TWAS gas flight dynamics demonstrates that the TWAS particles are accelerated at first and then slowed down. Microstructure of the TWAS prepared Ni-5wt.%Al and Ni-20wt.%Al composite coating was accordingly characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM, so the phase compositions of the Ni-Al composite coatings were obtained. TEM analysis also showed that an amorphous phase was formed according to the characteristic of diffraction ring in Ni matrix solid solution at an original state.

The current study was designed to evaluate the aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula activity, and the main pathway was detected on lung cancer by extracts of T. chebula. Aqueous extract of T. chebula was separated using a zeolite, and five fractions of T. chebula extract were obtained and analyzed by ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) methods against human lung cancer (A549) and mouse lung cancer cell line LLC. T. chebula acts by regulating the Bcl-2 family protein-mediated mitochondrial pathway detected by western blot. Fraction 4 of the T. chebula extract showed much function and was thus studied further. Fraction 4 increased the activation of caspase-3, induced PARP cleavage, and promoted cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm. These data suggest that T. chebula acts by regulating the Bcl-2 family protein-mediated mitochondrial pathway and provide evidence that T. chebula deserves further investigation as a natural agent for treating and preventing cancer.

Objective To investigate risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their determinants in Chinese women. Methods Data from the 2010 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance survey, comprising a nationally representative sample of women, were obtained to determine the prevalence of eight risk factors for chronic NCDs: current smoking, harmful use of alcohol, insufficient intake of fruit and vegetables, physical inactivity, overweight and obesity, raised blood pressure, raised fasting blood glucose and raised total serum cholesterol. The mean number of risk factors per woman was estimated. Their independent demographic and socioeconomic covariates were also examined with ordinal logistic regression. Findings The following prevalences were found: insufficient intake of fruit and vegetables, 51.7%; overweight and obesity, 32.3%; raised blood pressure, 29.7%; physical inactivity, 18.3%; raised total serum cholesterol, 18.1%; raised blood glucose, 7.0%; current smoking, 2.4%; and harmful use of alcohol, 1.3%. The mean number of risk factors per woman was 1.61; 48.0% of the women had at least two risk factors. Women who were older, poorer, from rural areas or from eastern or central China had more risk factors, but only being more than 35 years old, poorly educated and a resident of eastern or central China independently increased the likelihood of having multiple risk factors. Conclusion Risk factors for chronic NCDs are common among Chinese women aged 18 or older. Interventions to reduce these factors are needed and should target women who are older, who live in eastern or central China or who are poorly educated.

Objetivo Investigar los factores de riesgo de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ENT) y sus factores decisivos entre las mujeres chinas. Métodos Se extrajeron los datos del Estudio sobre enfermedades crónicas y control de los factores de riesgo en China realizado en 2010, que incluye una muestra representativa a nivel nacional de las mujeres, a fin de determinar la prevalencia de ocho factores de riesgo causantes de enfermedades no transmisibles crónicas: tabaquismo, consumo nocivo de alcohol, ingesta insuficiente de frutas y verduras, inactividad física, sobrepeso y obesidad, presión arterial elevada, nivel elevado de la glucemia en ayunas y nivel elevado del colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad. Se calculó el promedio de factores de riesgo por mujer. Asimismo, se analizaron las covariables demográficas y socioeconómicas independientes mediante una regresión logística ordinal. Resultados Se hallaron las siguientes prevalencias: ingesta insuficiente de frutas y verduras en el 51,7 %, sobrepeso y obesidad en el 32,3 %, presión arterial elevada en el 29,7 %, inactividad física en el 18,3 %, nivel elevado del colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad en el 18,1 %; nivel elevado de glucosa en sangre en el 7,0 %, tabaquismo en el 2,4 % y consumo nocivo de alcohol en el 1,3 %. El promedio de factores de riesgo por mujer fue de 1,61. El 48,0 % de las mujeres presentaban al menos dos factores de riesgo. Los factores de riesgo eran más elevados entre las mujeres más pobres y de edad más avanzada de las zonas rurales, o del este o centro de China. Sin embargo, las probabilidades de presentar factores de riesgo múltiples aumentaban independientemente por el único hecho de ser mayor de 35 años, tener una educación deficiente y residir en el este o el centro de China. Conclusión Los factores de riesgo de las enfermedades no transmisibles crónicas son comunes entre las mujeres chinas a partir de los 18 años. Para reducir estos factores, son necesarias intervenciones dirigidas a mujeres mayores, con una educación deficiente o residentes en el este o el centro de China.

Objectif Analyser les facteurs à risque pour les maladies non transmissibles (MNT) chroniques et leurs déterminants chez les femmes chinoises. Méthodes Des données de l'enquête de surveillance des maladies chroniques et des facteurs à risque de 2010 en Chine couvrant un échantillon de femmes représentatif à l'échelle nationale ont été collectées pour déterminer la prévalence de huit facteurs à risque pour les MNT chroniques: tabagisme, consommation nocive d'alcool, consommation insuffisante de fruits et légumes, sédentarité, surpoids et obésité, hypertension artérielle, hyperglycémie et hypercholestérolémie. Le nombre moyen de facteurs à risque par femme a été estimé. Les covariables démographiques et socioéconomiques indépendantes ont également été analysées au moyen d'une régression logistique ordinaire. Résultats Les prévalences suivantes ont été constatées: consommation insuffisante de fruits et légumes, 51,7%; surpoids et obésité, 32,3%; hypertension artérielle, 29,7%; sédentarité, 18,3%; hypercholestérolémie, 18,1%; hyperglycémie, 7,0%; tabagisme, 2,4%; consommation nocive d'alcool, 1,3%. Le nombre moyen de facteurs à risque par femme était de 1,61; on a constaté au moins deux facteurs à risque chez 48,0% des femmes. Les femmes plus âgées, plus pauvres, provenant de régions rurales ou de Chine centrale ou orientale présentaient plus de facteurs à risque mais le fait d'être âgée de plus de 35 ans, peu éduquée ou d'habiter en Chine centrale ou orientale augmentait indépendamment la probabilité de présenter des facteurs à risque multiples. Conclusion Les facteurs à risque pour les MNT chroniques sont courants parmi les femmes chinoises âgées de 18 ans ou plus. Les interventions visant à réduire ces facteurs sont nécessaires et devraient s'adresser à des femmes plus âgées, vivant en Chine centrale ou orientale, ou peu éduquées.